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'' ''Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another'' is a non-fiction book by English chemist and physicist Philip Ball, originally published in 2004, discusses the concept of a “physics of society”. Ball examines past thinkers, such as Thomas Hobbes, Lewis Mumford, Emyr Hughes, and Gottfried Achenwall, who have attempted to apply (or argue against) the use of physics, chemistry, or mathematics in the study of mass social phenomena. He also discusses how the concept relates to recent research, including his own.〔Ball, Philip. (2004). ''(Critical Mass ) - How One Thing Leads to Another'' ("particles become people", pg. 110). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.〕 Critical Mass was the winner of the 2005 Aventis Prize for Science Books. ==Physics of society== The outlines of Ball's ''Critical Mass'', the most-popular book of his many noted books, beginning in various circa 2001 lectures, talks, and articles focused on what he calls a ‘physics of society’, similar to the social physics in the Auguste Comte sense, a subject Ball approaches using statistical mechanics viewing people as atoms or molecules that show characteristic behaviours in bulk.〔Ball, Philip. (2001). “The Physical Modeling of Society: A Historical Perspective”; A Talk Presented at Messina, Sicily; Published in ''Physica A'' 314, 1-14 (2002).〕〔Ball, Philip. (2004). “The Physical Modeling of Human Social Systems”, A Review in ''ComPlexUs'', 1, 190, Nov.〕 The following is an excerpt of his 2003 talk on the physical modeling of society:〔Ball, Philip. (2003). “The Physics of Society”, A talk Delivered at the London School of Economics, March.〕 :“There seem to be ‘laws’ () social systems that have at least something of the character of natural physical laws, in that they do not yield easily to planned and arbitrary interventions. Over the past several decades, social, economic and political scientists have begun a dialogue with physical and biological scientists to try to discover whether there is truly a ‘physics of society’, and if so, what its laws and principles are. In particular, they have begun to regard complex modes of human activity as collections of many interacting ‘agents’ - somewhat analogous to a fluid of interacting atoms or molecules, but within which there is scope for decision-making, learning and adaptation.” In his 2004 book, Ball summarizes this to the effect that "to develop a physics of society, we must take a bold step that some might regard as a leap of faith and others as preposterous idealization: particles become people."〔 Nearly as soon as he gives this definition, however, Ball falls back on the two biggest hurdles to this perspective: that of the theories of being alive and of free will, both of which seem to contradict the physics viewpoint. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Critical Mass (book)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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